Important Names and Dates in Western Hypnosis (2)
Marquis De Puysegur (1781-1825)
One of Mesmer's disciples was the Marquis de Puységur. It was Puységur who discovered somnambulism, a new dimension of magnetism, a state in which subjects could open their eyes and talk, and obey instructions and yet remain "magnetized." The somnambulistic subjects were thought to be endowed with particular powers of prophecy and of diagnosis.
Father Johan Gassner (1729-1779)
A Jesuit Priest who used "exorcist like" techniques and reported spectacular cures.
Jose C. de Faria (1755-1819)
A Portuguese priest who discovered that the willingness and cooperation of the subject was necessary for the successful production of animal magnetism.
Dr. James Braid (1795-1860)
James Braid was a surgeon in Manchester, England. He entirely rejected the concept of animal magnetism and of ethereal fluids, and developed his own theories of a condition of increased susceptibility and suggestability. He maintained that the mesmeric state was in fact a form of sleep, and in 1843 published a book entitled Neuryphnology or The Rationale of Nervous Sleep Considered in relation with Animal Magenetism. At first he considered it to be a physical condition of the nervous system, but later changed his mind and decided that it was hypnos - a form of sleep. Thus the term hypnosis was coined.
Dr. John Elliotson (1791-8168)
John Elliotson was the son of a prosperous druggist in South London and also the inventor of the stethoscope. He performed many operation with only hypnotic anesthesia. It must be understood that, apart from the use of brandy, at this time mesmerism was the only form of anaesthesia available before ether was introduced by Morton in 1846 and chloroform by Simpson in 1847.
Dr. James Esdaile (1808-1893)
Esdaile was a scotish surgeon working in India, performed over three thousand operations with hypnosis, more than 300 of these were major surgeries, including 19 amputations.
Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893)
Charcot was a professor in diseases of the nervous system at the Salpetiere Hospital. Charcot proved that there are several stages of hypnotic sleep and that the hypnotized subject is capable of manifesting various symptoms or clinical signs at each stage.
Dr. Pierre Janet (1859-1947)
Janet advanced the idea that dissociation or splitting of the conscious from the unconscious parts of the mind was the true nature of the hypnotic state. Janet developed his own individual explanations of the nature of hysteria and of the hypnotic state, and believed that the dissociative process was a progressive one occurring during the induction of hypnosis. As the conscious mind was suppressed, he thought, so the unconscious gradually surfaced in deep hypnosis until it took over completely. That is, the subconscious became the conscious. He felt that this was the same process that took place in hysteria and was also responsible for other nervous disorders. Thus he concluded that most neurotic symptoms had a hidden Meaning.
Dr. Ambroise A. Liebeault (1832-1904) & Dr. Hippolyte Bernheim (1837-1919)
Liebeault was a French Physician living near Nancy, France. He is commonly known as the “Father of Suggestive Hypnosis”. Bernheim was a professor at the Nancy School of Medicine, they both opened the Nancy School of Hypnosis where many of the future hypotists of the world were trained. In Berheim’s eyes, hypnosis is treatment by suggestion whereas suggestion is an action by which an idea is introduced to the brain and accepted.
Dr. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
A physician in Vienna that is also known as the “Father of Modern Psychotherapy”. He studied hypnosis with Liebelault & Bernheim at the Nancy School of Hypnosis and initially used hypnosis in his practice. In the end, Freud stopped using hypnosis and in the competition with an excellent hypnotist named Breuer, Freud invented the “talking therapy”, the so-called psychoanalysis that changed the history of European psychology.
Dr. Emile Coue (1857-1926)
Coue was a French pharmacist who popularized the laws of suggestion (ie. The Law of Concentrated Attention, The Law of Reversed Effect and The Law of Dominant Effect). Coue is famous with his conscious autosuggestion: “Every day, and in every way, I am becoming better and better.”
Dr. Milton H. Erickson (1902-1967)
Known as the “Father of Modern Clinical Hypnosis”, Milton Erickson developed a unique style of hypnosis which relied on co-operation and language skills. He communicated to have the maximum specific effect always having a goal in mind. Trance is induced by indirect communication using embedded suggestions, analogies and stories. Erickson understood that solutions lie within the patient. The therapist serves only as a guide.
Dave Elman (1900-1967)
Dave Elman was the son of a stage hypnotist and developed a rapid induction known as “Dave Elman Induction” that takes about 4-5 minutes. Today this so-called Dave Elman Induction is the most commonly used induction.
Richard Bandler and John Grinder
Bandler and Grinder are the co-founders of NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming). NLP was developed in the early 1970's when John Grinder and Richard Bandler began working together in the field of what we now know as modelling. They model a number of genius’ in their fields at their time. These were, namely, Milton Erickson (a gifted hypnotherapist), Virginia Satir (an exquisite family therapist) and also Fritz Perls (the founder of Gestalt Therapy).
Due to it’s ability to facilitate “quick change” in the therapy, NLP has become a favorite tool of many hypnotists today.
Marquis De Puysegur (1781-1825)
One of Mesmer's disciples was the Marquis de Puységur. It was Puységur who discovered somnambulism, a new dimension of magnetism, a state in which subjects could open their eyes and talk, and obey instructions and yet remain "magnetized." The somnambulistic subjects were thought to be endowed with particular powers of prophecy and of diagnosis.
Father Johan Gassner (1729-1779)
A Jesuit Priest who used "exorcist like" techniques and reported spectacular cures.
Jose C. de Faria (1755-1819)
A Portuguese priest who discovered that the willingness and cooperation of the subject was necessary for the successful production of animal magnetism.
Dr. James Braid (1795-1860)
James Braid was a surgeon in Manchester, England. He entirely rejected the concept of animal magnetism and of ethereal fluids, and developed his own theories of a condition of increased susceptibility and suggestability. He maintained that the mesmeric state was in fact a form of sleep, and in 1843 published a book entitled Neuryphnology or The Rationale of Nervous Sleep Considered in relation with Animal Magenetism. At first he considered it to be a physical condition of the nervous system, but later changed his mind and decided that it was hypnos - a form of sleep. Thus the term hypnosis was coined.
Dr. John Elliotson (1791-8168)
John Elliotson was the son of a prosperous druggist in South London and also the inventor of the stethoscope. He performed many operation with only hypnotic anesthesia. It must be understood that, apart from the use of brandy, at this time mesmerism was the only form of anaesthesia available before ether was introduced by Morton in 1846 and chloroform by Simpson in 1847.
Dr. James Esdaile (1808-1893)
Esdaile was a scotish surgeon working in India, performed over three thousand operations with hypnosis, more than 300 of these were major surgeries, including 19 amputations.
Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893)
Charcot was a professor in diseases of the nervous system at the Salpetiere Hospital. Charcot proved that there are several stages of hypnotic sleep and that the hypnotized subject is capable of manifesting various symptoms or clinical signs at each stage.
Dr. Pierre Janet (1859-1947)
Janet advanced the idea that dissociation or splitting of the conscious from the unconscious parts of the mind was the true nature of the hypnotic state. Janet developed his own individual explanations of the nature of hysteria and of the hypnotic state, and believed that the dissociative process was a progressive one occurring during the induction of hypnosis. As the conscious mind was suppressed, he thought, so the unconscious gradually surfaced in deep hypnosis until it took over completely. That is, the subconscious became the conscious. He felt that this was the same process that took place in hysteria and was also responsible for other nervous disorders. Thus he concluded that most neurotic symptoms had a hidden Meaning.
Dr. Ambroise A. Liebeault (1832-1904) & Dr. Hippolyte Bernheim (1837-1919)
Liebeault was a French Physician living near Nancy, France. He is commonly known as the “Father of Suggestive Hypnosis”. Bernheim was a professor at the Nancy School of Medicine, they both opened the Nancy School of Hypnosis where many of the future hypotists of the world were trained. In Berheim’s eyes, hypnosis is treatment by suggestion whereas suggestion is an action by which an idea is introduced to the brain and accepted.
Dr. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
A physician in Vienna that is also known as the “Father of Modern Psychotherapy”. He studied hypnosis with Liebelault & Bernheim at the Nancy School of Hypnosis and initially used hypnosis in his practice. In the end, Freud stopped using hypnosis and in the competition with an excellent hypnotist named Breuer, Freud invented the “talking therapy”, the so-called psychoanalysis that changed the history of European psychology.
Dr. Emile Coue (1857-1926)
Coue was a French pharmacist who popularized the laws of suggestion (ie. The Law of Concentrated Attention, The Law of Reversed Effect and The Law of Dominant Effect). Coue is famous with his conscious autosuggestion: “Every day, and in every way, I am becoming better and better.”
Dr. Milton H. Erickson (1902-1967)
Known as the “Father of Modern Clinical Hypnosis”, Milton Erickson developed a unique style of hypnosis which relied on co-operation and language skills. He communicated to have the maximum specific effect always having a goal in mind. Trance is induced by indirect communication using embedded suggestions, analogies and stories. Erickson understood that solutions lie within the patient. The therapist serves only as a guide.
Dave Elman (1900-1967)
Dave Elman was the son of a stage hypnotist and developed a rapid induction known as “Dave Elman Induction” that takes about 4-5 minutes. Today this so-called Dave Elman Induction is the most commonly used induction.
Richard Bandler and John Grinder
Bandler and Grinder are the co-founders of NLP (Neuro Linguistic Programming). NLP was developed in the early 1970's when John Grinder and Richard Bandler began working together in the field of what we now know as modelling. They model a number of genius’ in their fields at their time. These were, namely, Milton Erickson (a gifted hypnotherapist), Virginia Satir (an exquisite family therapist) and also Fritz Perls (the founder of Gestalt Therapy).
Due to it’s ability to facilitate “quick change” in the therapy, NLP has become a favorite tool of many hypnotists today.
After the rise and fall in its development, hypnosis was approved by British Medical Association BMA in 1955, in 1958 by American Medical Association AMA and in 1960 by the American Psychological Association APA as one of the accepted therapeutic tools in the field of psychotherapy.
0 comments:
Post a Comment